Prices and trade terms
The words used on Market Intelligence to describe what a price is and where in the trade it applies.
- ACAAfrican Cashew Alliance
- An industry association whose market reports are one of ATI’s dated sources for raw cashew prices.
- Benchmark
- A published reference price used to compare markets over time. It is not a live quote or a price any seller is guaranteed to receive.
- CFRCost and Freight
- A price that includes shipping the goods to a named destination port. Cashew market reports often write CNF; ATI uses the formal Incoterms® abbreviation CFR.
- Farm-gate price
- The price a farmer receives at the farm, before transport, processing and export costs are added.
- Incoterms®
- Standard trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce. Each one says who pays for each part of shipping and where responsibility passes from seller to buyer. CFR is one of them.
- Minimum producer price
- A price floor set by government for buying a crop from farmers in a season. In Ghana, the Tree Crops Development Authority (TCDA) publishes one for raw cashew. It is not a completed sale or an export price.
- Offered price
- What sellers were asking during a stated period, as reported by a market source. It is not a completed transaction, a firm bid or a live quote.
- OutturnKernel outturn ratio (KOR)
- The main quality measure for raw cashew: how many pounds (lb) of usable kernel one 80 kg bag of raw nuts yields. Higher outturn means more kernel per bag, which is why cashew prices are quoted with an outturn.
- RCNRaw Cashew Nut
- Cashew still in its shell, as farmers and exporters sell it before processing.
EU deforestation rules
Terms from EU Regulation 2023/1115, used on Compliance and in the EUDR explainer.
- Cut-off date
- 31 December 2020. Under EUDR, forest converted to agricultural use after this date counts as deforestation.
- DDSDue diligence statement
- The operator’s own structured declaration in the EU Information System. A satellite evidence report is not a DDS; it belongs in the evidence file that supports one.
- Deforestation (EUDR)
- Conversion of forest to agricultural use after 31 December 2020. It is not the same as tree-cover loss.
- Due diligence
- The checks an operator must complete before placing a covered product on the EU market: collect the required information, assess the risk, and reduce any risk that is not negligible.
- EUDREU Deforestation Regulation, (EU) 2023/1115
- EU law that lets a covered product enter or leave the EU market only if it is deforestation-free, legally produced and covered by a due diligence statement (or a simplified declaration for qualifying micro and small primary operators). It covers cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya and wood, and products made from them listed in Annex I.
- Geolocation
- The GPS location of every plot where a commodity was produced. The Regulation permits at least one latitude and longitude point to at least six decimal places, and requires a polygon for non-cattle plots larger than four hectares.
- Operator
- The business that places a covered product on the EU market or exports it from the EU. The law places responsibility for due diligence on the operator.
- Plot
- A single piece of land where a commodity is grown. EUDR asks for the geolocation of every production plot, and ATI reports on each plot separately.
- Polygon
- A plot boundary drawn as GPS points joined into a closed shape. A single point identifies a location but does not define the boundary over which forest-loss hectares are calculated.
- Tree-cover loss
- Any recorded loss of trees, including plantation harvest, fire, storm and road building. A plot can show tree-cover loss and still be deforestation-free under EUDR.
Satellite evidence
The datasets behind ATI’s farm and plot evidence reports.
- Hansen GFCGlobal Forest Change, University of Maryland
- A global, year-by-year map of tree-cover loss. ATI uses version GFC-2025-v1.13 to measure change after 2020.
- JRC GFC2020EU Joint Research Centre Global Forest Cover 2020
- A global map of forest cover at the end of 2020, the EUDR cut-off year. ATI uses version V3 as a forest baseline.
- SBTN Natural LandsScience Based Targets Network
- A global map of natural land as of 2020. ATI uses version 1.1 alongside the forest baseline.
EUDR definitions summarise ATI’s reviewed reading of the Regulation and are not legal advice. For the full explanation, read what the EUDR requires.